Kenichi Ito
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Brief Search Statement article
- 1 Service off Therapy, College or university away from Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- dos Service from Therapy, The education College or university from Hong kong, Tai Po, Hong kong
- step 3 Service out-of Sociology, The new College or university out-of Hong kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong-kong
- 4 Service of Counselling and Psychology, Hong kong Shue Yan College, North Part, Hong kong
Confident ideas try about numerous advantages, however individuals appreciates an equivalent categories of self-confident psychological skills. I consider just how line of confident attitude try imagined and you may if or not individuals’ perceptions are related to just how societies look at the individuals thoughts. Users out-of Hong-kong and Netherlands ranked 23 positive thinking depending to their private attitudes (positivity, pleasure, and you will socially engaging) and societal feedback (appropriate, cherished, and you can approved regarding). We found that (1) there had been social variations in judgments from the the half a dozen aspects of self-confident emotions; (2) positivity, pleasure, and you may public wedding predict ideas are definitely regarded on personal top in countries; and you may (3) one positivity mattered alot more toward Dutch people, even when arousal and social engagement mattered alot more from inside the Hong kong getting public recommendations. These conclusions render a granular chart of your impression and you may evaluation away from collection of self-confident feelings in 2 cultures and you will emphasize the brand new part of countries regarding the focusing on how self-confident thinking is observed and you may examined.
Addition
A lot of people statement becoming slightly delighted oftentimes (Diener and you will Diener, 1996), and you will self-confident psychological experiences are important due to it play a trick role when you look at the well-are and health (Bastian et al., 2014). Yet not, not every person appreciates the same kinds of positive psychological enjoy. Along with, little known about people perceive and you will consider specific self-confident thoughts for example glee, save, pride, and you can appreciation.
Usually, feelings might be assessed on at the very least four account: personal, dyads, group, and you may culture (Keltner and Haidt, 1999). In the present work, i focus on the perception of emotions from the private height with respect to positivity, pleasure, and you can personal involvement in addition to evaluation from thinking in the the new societal peak in terms of if they try valued, recognized regarding, and you can considered to be appropriate; we and checked how judgments along the one or two profile relate with each other. Specifically, the current data examined brand new perceptions and recommendations from 23 other self-confident ideas around the several cultural contexts: Hong-kong and Netherlands.
Culture is actually an excellent socially carried constellation of means, icons, and you can beliefs you to figure just how individuals consider, getting, and you will behave (). A major huge difference can be acquired ranging from individualistic and collectivistic societies. During the individualistic cultures, instance North america and you can West European countries, details according to independence, and individual completion and you can mission journey, is emphasized. However, from inside the collectivistic countries, such into the East Asia, information focusing on personal harmony and you can interdependence is actually highly rated (good, 1991). These variations in social viewpoints connect with how some one perceive attitude for the regards to certain functions, including positivity, arousal, and you can social involvement.
Positivity is the built-in elegance or fulfillment associated with the an event, target, or condition (Frijda, 1986). Individuals basically favor confident feelings more negative of them no matter social records (Larsen, 2000). Although not, positive thoughts be more trendy from inside the Western countries compared to Eastern Far-eastern cultures (Eid and Diener, 2001), and just how positive attitude are seen including depends on community. Such as, when requested to spell it out popular features of self-confident thinking, Us citizens primarily concentrate on the positive aspects, and you may Japanese people are more likely to mention down sides due to the fact better (Uchida and you may Kitayama, 2009). Thus, even though many people away from one another xmatch hledat Western and you can Eastern Far-eastern communities such as positive thoughts, they might discover positivity regarding other basics. To date, just a number of certain positive thinking had been examined inside regards to positivity feeling (Character and you can Kashdan, 2012; Miyamoto et al., 2014). And therefore, nothing known regarding the greater selection of confident feelings one to are increasingly being checked out on lookup literature. In the modern study, i found to test and you may compare attitudes out-of positivity of 23 different confident thoughts around the a few cultures.