(12) In certain NENA languages the newest preterite from Classification II verbs provides an excellent vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- without any predecessor in the earlier dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) ideal your progressive means try about the newest Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he got they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Forms which have o otherwise u are missing outside NENA and have now in a lot of of your NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The general present is noted by an effective prefix in every NENA except Hertevin and in Mandaic along with Turoyo. The fresh new prefix requires certainly one of three variations: (a) k- for the most of the verbs (state-of-the-art to c- for the Urmi, extended so you’re able to ko- in advance of consonants during the Turoyo, and in Zakho to get g- in advance of a voiced phoneme); (b) k- but just to your a small category of verbs (with a few voicing intake and often other change also); otherwise (c) i- into the all verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, individual interaction); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we create say’, however, doqIx-wa-le ‘we manage to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he consumes, will eat’, however, sate ‘he products, have a tendency to, could possibly get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The latest k- prefix is apparently an endurance of the prefix qa- out of BT, as with this new common qatane ‘he teaches’. age ‘stands’. In a few east languages new shipment off k- has become simply for a tiny category of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In others, it has gone away and you can come replaced from the a new prefix we-, and therefore probably originated due to the fact a lesser brand of i[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I visits the newest synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I visited render money to help you an excellent girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The brand new verb ‘give’ are yehav inside BT, and you can yav during the Syriac. It’s been remade in most NENA dialects through the incorporation of one’s following l- ‘to’. The fresh new essential, that has been hav during the Syriac and you can BT, are hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in all NENA for which You will find recommendations, yet not in Turoyo otherwise Mandaic.
(15) Throughout NENA, the newest singular imperative of qyama ‘get up’ has shed its latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Religious mixxxer qu (Panoussi, 110). The latest plural, not, holds the brand new m.
(16) Throughout NENA, this new crucial away from (i)zala ‘go’ is actually unpredictable: Aradhin si (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani lorsque (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) All over NENA, a number of different terminology are utilized as the foot to own reflexive pronouns instance ‘myself’. He is: ruh- for the Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- in the about three easternmost Jewish languages, and you can gyan- throughout the left dialects: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
It qa- are by itself a beneficial contraction from qa?
(18) A new preposition meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’ which takes the form ta, tla, or tla was extensive, even in the event maybe not universal, within the NENA, but not used in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) involved cook’ (Rubba, private communications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga facts ‘no you to started the doorway so you can him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).